学习路径Learning path · 第 2 阶段Stage 2
最小可玩原型
Minimal playable prototype
一句话：原型不是「做了一半的游戏」，是「足够判断方向对不对的东西」。
In one line: a prototype is not "a half-finished game" — it is "the minimum thing that tells you whether the direction is right".
三条判据
⚠ 满足这三条，它就是一个原型（哪怕全是方块图形）：
| 判据 | 意思 | 反例 |
|---|---|---|
| 能操作 | 玩家能让角色动起来 | 只是动画播放 |
| ⚠ 有目标 | ⚠ 玩家知道要做什么 | 只有一个能走的方块 |
| ⚠ 有反馈 | ⚠ 操作有可见响应 | 按键没反应 |
⚠ 很多「原型」只满足第一条 —— 角色能动，但没有目标和反馈。
⚠ 那样的东西无法判断方向对错，因为玩家不知道该期待什么。
Three criteria
⚠ Hit all three and it is a prototype, even if everything is grey boxes:
| Criterion | What it means | Counter-example |
|---|---|---|
| Operable | The player can move the character | It only plays an animation |
| ⚠ Goal-directed | ⚠ The player knows what to do | A single box that walks |
| ⚠ Responsive | ⚠ Input has a visible result | The key does nothing |
⚠ Many "prototypes" only satisfy the first. The character moves, but there is no goal and no feedback.
⚠ Such a thing cannot tell you whether the direction is right, because the player does not know what to expect.
⚠ 原型该有什么、不该有什么
| 该有 | ⚠ 不该有 |
|---|---|
| 核心循环（跳、攻击、收集） | ⚠ 美术 |
| 一个粗糙但成立的规则 | ⚠ 完整关卡 |
| ⚠ 能玩 3 分钟 | ⚠ 设置菜单、成就、排行榜 |
⚠ 原型的价值在于「快速知道」，不是「做得多」。
⚠ What a prototype should and should not have
| Should have | ⚠ Should not have |
|---|---|
| The core loop (jump, attack, collect) | ⚠ Art |
| One rough but coherent rule | ⚠ Complete levels |
| ⚠ Three minutes of play | ⚠ Settings menu, achievements, leaderboards |
⚠ A prototype's value is in knowing quickly, not in doing much.
一个反直觉的建议
⚠ 原型的美术越粗糙越好。
理由：粗糙美术能逼你先验证玩法，而不是被「看起来还不错」误导 ——
⚠ 很多人会在原型阶段不自觉地打磨美术，然后舍不得砍掉半成品。
One counter-intuitive suggestion
⚠ The cruder the art, the better.
Reason: crude art forces you to validate the gameplay first, instead of being seduced by "it already looks decent" —
⚠ many people polish the art during prototyping and then cannot bear to cut the half-done work.
判断原型够了吗
⚠ 不要问「还有哪里没做」，要问「这三个问题有没有答案」：
1. 玩家能操作吗？
2. 玩家有目标吗？
3. 操作有反馈吗？
⚠ 三条都是「是」→ 原型完成，可以进 S3 调手感了。
⚠ 有一条是「不是」→ 先补那个，别做别的。
Is the prototype enough?
⚠ Do not ask "what is left to build". Ask whether these three questions have answers:
1. Can the player operate it?
2. Does the player have a goal?
3. Does input produce feedback?
⚠ All three "yes" → the prototype is done; move on to tuning game feel in S3.
⚠ Any "no" → fix that one first, and nothing else.