怎么做一份素材与许可台账How to build an asset and licence ledger

这篇解决什么：AI 资产台账 讲了为什么要建表；这篇讲表长什么样、每一行怎么走完。适用于素材（图像、音频、字体、第三方代码库）从哪来都要记的项目。

What this guide solves: the AI asset ledger entry explains why the table exists; this one gives the columns and walks a row to its end. It fits any project where assets (images, audio, fonts, third-party code) come from somewhere.

适用条件

• ✅ 项目里的素材来自两个以上渠道（自己做的、下载的、AI 生成的都算渠道）
• ✅ 存在「以后要商用/发布」的可能 —— 哪怕只是 itch 页面挂个下载
• ⚠ 不适用：一次性练习、确定永远不外发的文件（可以不进表，但目录里要能分清）
• 什么时候开始：第一个文件进项目那天。事后补记基本补不回来（理由见 AI 资产台账）。

When this applies

• ✅ Assets arrive from more than one channel (made by you, downloaded, AI-generated — all channels)
• ✅ There is any chance of commercial use or release later — even just a download link on an itch page
• Not for throwaway practice files you are certain will never leave the machine (skip the row, but keep them in a separate folder)
• When to start: the day the first file lands. Backfilling mostly fails (reasons: AI asset ledger).

台账的列

最小可用版本，七列（表头示例）：

第三方代码库同样进表：来源换成仓库地址，许可类型记 LICENSE 文件的标识。

The columns

The smallest useful version, seven columns (headers shown):

Third-party code libraries go in the same table: the source becomes the repository URL, the licence type comes from its LICENSE file.

步骤

1. 建表。 一个 assets-ledger.md（或表格文件）放进仓库，用上表七列。

2. 进一文件记一行。 每次把素材放进项目目录的同一动作里，顺手记前两列 —— 来源和 URL 当时不记，一周后就找不回来了。

3. 把许可分成四类。 CC0：无需署名 —— CC0 官方页写明「可以复制、修改、分发、表演，包括商用用途，无需请求许可」（见文末核验表）。CC-BY：可商用但必须按规范署名 —— CC BY 4.0 官方页写明必须给出合理署名、链接到许可、说明是否修改（核验表）。NC / 个人免费：按标注不能商用。条款含糊或搜不到：标待确认，不许默认可用。

4. CC-BY 当场写署名文案。 决定用这个素材时，把署名句一并写进 credits 草稿 —— 攒到发布前统一补是最容易漏的环节。

5. 发布前清零。 「可商用 = 待确认」的行数必须为零。清不掉就把素材移出导出包（这一步属于发布检查，见 怎么做一次发布前检查）。

6. 留证据。 许可页截图或存档（带日期）放到台账目录旁边 —— 条款会变，截图是当时判断的依据。

The steps

1. Create the table. One assets-ledger.md (or spreadsheet) in the repository, with the seven columns above.

2. One file in, one row written. Record source and URL inside the same action that puts the asset into the project — skipped at retrieval time, unfindable a week later.

3. Sort licences into four buckets. CC0: no attribution — the CC0 page states you may "copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission" (table at the end). CC-BY: commercial is fine with attribution as specified — the CC BY 4.0 page requires appropriate credit, a licence link, and indicating changes (see the table). NC / personal-use-only: not commercial, as labelled. Vague or unfindable terms: unconfirmed — never silently treated as usable.

4. Write the attribution line on the spot. When you accept a CC-BY asset, put its credit into the credits draft immediately; batching this to ship-week is where it gets lost.

5. Clear before release. The count of "commercial = unconfirmed" rows must hit zero. Anything you cannot clear leaves the export package — that step belongs to How to run a pre-release check.

6. Keep evidence. A screenshot or dated snapshot of the licence page next to the ledger — terms change, and the screenshot is what your call rested on.

一个可走查的例子

⚠ 文件名、条目与时序是虚构示例。

• 输入：音乐工具生成的循环曲 bgm_loop.ogg 准备进包；台账行：来源「生成服务 X 免费档」、许可页 URL 未记、可商用「待确认」。
• 处理：打开该服务当前条款页 → 免费档条款没有写明商用授予（虚构情况）→ 按规则不许标「应该可以」。
• 结果判断：失败 —— 该行维持「待确认」，bgm_loop.ogg 移出本次导出包。
• 失败后下一步：两条路：① 换成明确 CC0 的曲包（台账新增一行，来源+许可页+核验日当场记全）；② 升级该服务档位、条款页写明商用后，把条款文本截图存档，行状态改「是 · 附截图」。选 ① 更快，选 ② 保留这首曲子。

A walk-through example

⚠ The filenames, the situation and the timeline are a fictitious example.

• Input: a generated loop bgm_loop.ogg is about to be packaged; the ledger row reads: source "generation service X, free tier", no licence-page URL recorded, commercial "unconfirmed".
• Processing: open the service's current terms page → the free-tier text does not grant commercial use (invented situation) → by the rules you may not write "probably fine".
• Result: fail — the row stays "unconfirmed" and bgm_loop.ogg leaves this export.
• After the failure: two routes — ① swap in an explicitly CC0 music pack (new ledger row with source, licence page and verification date recorded on the spot); ② upgrade the tier, and once the terms state commercial use, archive a dated screenshot and flip the row to "yes — screenshot attached". Route ① is faster; route ② keeps the track.

失败分支

Failure branches

下一步

• 音频素材渠道与三种标记：音频素材的来源与授权
• AI 生成素材的商用判断流程：怎么给 AI 美术素材做商用可用性判断
• 阶段总览：S4 · 资产合规

Next steps

• Where audio comes from and the three licence marks: Audio sources and their licences
• The commercial check for AI art: How to check AI art for commercial use
• The stage overview: S4 · Asset licensing